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CRUSH SCHOOL

5644 1st Avenue South Minneapolis, MN, 55419

I blog on Brain-Based Learning, Metacognition, EdTech, and Social-Emotional Learning. I am the author of the Crush School Series of Books, which help students understand how their brains process information and learn. I also wrote The Power of Three: How to Simplify Your Life to Amplify Your Personal and Professional Success, but be warned that it's meant for adults who want to thrive and are comfortable with four letter words.

Filtering by Category: Science

Beginning the School Year with NGSS and Phenomenon-Based Learning

August 21, 2024  /  Oskar Cymerman

The start of a new school year is an opportunity for a science teacher to engage students in science learning that is both fun and effective. Combining the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) with phenomenon-based learning (PhenBL) in the right way can create a lively classroom environment where students develop a deep understanding of scientific concepts through real-world explorations.

Here’s how to make it fun and effective.

NGSS and Phenomenon-Based Learning

NGSS focuses on three dimensions: disciplinary core ideas (DCIs), science and engineering practices (SEPs), and crosscutting concepts (CCCs). These standards encourage students to think and work like scientists and engineers, emphasizing inquiry, evidence-based reasoning, and the interconnectedness of scientific concepts.

Phenomenon-based learning involves using observable events or phenomena to anchor learning. Students investigate these phenomena through questioning, experimentation, and critical thinking, leading to a deeper and more relevant understanding of scientific principles.

Steps to Implement NGSS and Phenomenon Based Learning

1. Identify Compelling Phenomena

Start by selecting phenomena that are engaging, relatable, and aligned with the NGSS. Effective phenomena are those that naturally spark curiosity and connect to students’ lives. For instance, exploring why leaves change color in the fall or investigating the effects of plastic pollution on marine life can be excellent starting points.

2. Develop Driving Questions

Formulate open-ended driving questions that guide the inquiry process. These questions should be broad enough to allow for exploration but specific enough to maintain focus. Examples include, “How do plants adapt to different environments?” or “What causes extreme weather events?”

3. Design Coherent Learning Experiences

Plan a series of interconnected lessons and activities that allow students to explore the driving questions. Utilize a mix of hands-on experiments, collaborative projects, and technology-enhanced investigations. Ensure that these experiences integrate the three dimensions of NGSS, promoting a holistic understanding of the content.

4. Encourage Student-Led Inquiry

Empower students to take ownership of their learning by encouraging them to ask questions, design experiments, and present their findings. Facilitate a classroom environment where students feel comfortable taking risks, making mistakes, and learning from them. Provide scaffolding and support as needed, but allow students the freedom to explore and discover.

5. Use Formative Assessments

Incorporate ongoing formative assessments to gauge student understanding and adjust instruction accordingly. Use a variety of assessment methods, such as observations, discussions, quizzes, and student reflections. This approach helps identify misconceptions early and provides opportunities for timely feedback and intervention.

6. Foster a Collaborative Classroom Culture

Create a classroom culture that values collaboration, communication, and respect. Encourage students to work together, share ideas, and construct knowledge collectively. Group work, peer reviews, and class discussions are essential components of a collaborative learning environment.

Check out this classroom poster on collaboration.

7. Reflect and Iterate

At the end of each unit or project, take time to reflect with your students on what worked well and what could be improved. Use this feedback to refine your approach and enhance future learning experiences. Continuous reflection and iteration are key to the successful implementation of NGSS and PBL.

Embrace Phenomena and Watch Your Students Grow

Implementing NGSS with phenomenon-based learning sets the stage for an engaging and effective science classroom. When teachers use interesting phenomena and foster collaborative inquiry into these phenomena, students develop a deeper understanding of concepts and a passion for learning. PhenBL is challenging, exciting, and… a lot of work, but if you embrace this approach, you will see your students thrive and become curious, capable, and confident young scientists.

If you’d like some help getting started with Phenomena-Based Learning in Earth Science, check out the Intro Unit of Study I created and will start using in less than two weeks time. Yikes!

It contains 5 PhenBL Student Projects, will last about 3 weeks, and is on sale through Labor Day.

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categories / Science, Earth Science
tags / teaching teens, parenting teens, deeper learning, independence, lifelong learning, simplicity, skills, success skills, learning, making life easier, kids

Why the 5E Model Provides the Best Way to Teach Science the NGSS Way

August 05, 2024  /  Oskar Cymerman

5E + NGSS and how they fit together

Understanding the Next Generation Science Standards and using NGSS to create engaging and effective science lessons can be a challenge. However, by mentally replacing the NGSS with the 5E model offers a solid and structured approach to teaching that promotes inquiry and discovery the new standards call for. In this blog post, I’ll show you how I use both NGSS and the 5E model to design engaging and effective Earth Science lessons.

Understanding NGSS and the 5E Model

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)

The NGSS three-dimensional learning includes:

  1. Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs): Key concepts students should understand in each science discipline.

  2. Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs): Skills students should develop to engage in scientific inquiry and engineering design.

  3. Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs): Concepts that help students connect knowledge across different scientific disciplines.

The 5E Instructional Model

The 5E model is a five-part teaching framework:

  1. Engage: Capture students' interest and stimulate their curiosity.

  2. Explore: Provide hands-on experiences to form understanding.

  3. Explain: Allow students to show understanding and provide clarification.

  4. Elaborate: Deepen students’ learning through application.

  5. Evaluate: Assess students’ understanding and skills.

Engaging with Phenomena

Engage: NGSS emphasizes the use of phenomena—observable events that can be explained scientifically—to spark curiosity and drive learning of concepts and skills through inquiry. The Engage phase of the 5E model captivates students’ interest and activates their prior knowledge.

By presenting a fun phenomenon, such as the year without a summer, you can immediately draw students into the lesson on lesser-known effects of volcanism, setting the stage for the initial exploration.

Hands-On Exploration

Explore: In this phase, teachers can design hands-on activities that explore key concepts or experiments that help explain the phenomenon. This phase aligns with NGSS’s focus on Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs), such as asking questions, developing models, and analyzing data. Ideally, you plan a lesson that challenges students to use online resources and simple materials you provide them with to design and build their own model or create their own experiment (and understanding) that shows the process, rather than giving them a set of directions to follow.

Activities such as creating a simulation of volcanic ash and gas spread using confetti and a fan allow students to actively engage in the scientific process and model the work of professional scientists.

Constructing Explanations

Explain: Here, students can use their models or experiments to show their understanding of the phenomenon and its key concepts. You may need to provide some instruction (direct, small group, individual) to clarify and expand on the more complex concepts. This phase connects the hands-on experiences from the Explore phase with the Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs) outlined in NGSS. By constructing explanations for the investigated phenomenon, students develop a deeper conceptual understanding and refine their scientific thinking.

For example, you can ask student groups to record a video of their confetti explosion and spread and explain how it relates to an explosion of a volcano such as Tambora aka the year without a summer culprit.

Extending Learning

Elaborate: Challenge your students to apply the concepts they learned to new situations or to explain other, related processes. This leads to a deeper and more flexible understanding of the concepts. This phase supports NGSS’s emphasis on Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs) by encouraging students to recognize patterns and make connections across different scientific disciplines.

For instance, after studying how the particles ejected from Mount Tambora spread and led to a year without a summer, students might explore how ocean circulation and the Earth’s rotation affect global wind patterns..

Assessing Understanding

Evaluate: The Evaluate phase is designed for students to demonstrate their learning through assessments that can seamlessly be aligned with NGSS’s three-dimensional framework (DCIs, SEPs, and CCCs). Performance assessments, as NGSS calls them, might include investigative projects, multimedia presentations, or other reflections that help teachers gauge factual knowledge and application of scientific concepts and scientific and science and engineering skills.

For example, students could create a museum exhibit that contains: (1) a model that thoroughly explains the types of volcanic eruptions that lead to ejection of large amounts of gas and particulates, (2) a statistical analysis of how the explosion of Tambora compares to average eruptions of this kind, and (3) a computer simulation of the mechanism of how the volcanic smog from Tambora spread and led to the year without a summer showing the influence of ocean circulation and global wind patterns on this process.

5E Model and NGSS Just Fit

The 5E model’s emphasis on inquiry, hands-on learning, and real-world application makes it ideal for implementing NGSS. By starting with phenomena, the 5E model can be used to engage students in authentic scientific exploration, helping them build a deeper understanding of science concepts and practices. This approach not only aligns with the goals of NGSS by preparing students to think and act like scientists and equipping them with the skills and knowledge needed for them to become informed citizens, difference makers, and problem solvers of the future.

If you found this post helpful, sign up for my Teaching Tips, Resources, & Ideas Newsletter to get the next article when it drops. It’s totally free.

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categories / Earth Science, Science
tags / teaching teens, parenting teens, deeper learning, independence, lifelong learning, simplicity, skills, success skills, learning, making life easier, kids

Creating Performance Assessments for Phenomenon-Based Learning

August 15, 2023  /  Oskar Cymerman

As concerns grow that traditional assessments such as tests frequently fall short of capturing the depth of students' understanding and fail in measuring their ability to apply knowledge in real-world scenarios, Phenomenon-Based Learning (PhenBL) has emerged as a student-centered approach that prioritizes building comprehension through active inquiry. To align with this innovative instructional method, educators are turning to performance assessments – powerful tools that have the potential to unleash creativity, transformative skill-building, and deeper learning.

Understanding Phenomenon-Based Learning

Phenomenon-Based Learning is an inquiry-driven approach that uses real-world phenomena to engage students in exploration. Rather than starting by explaining facts and concepts to students, PhenBL is predicated on the learners investigating phenomena and forming understandings of the underlying principles (facts and concepts) behind these phenomena.

The Limitations of Traditional Assessments

Traditional assessments, such as multiple-choice exams, often assess rote memorization and superficial knowledge. They rarely measure skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving or in-depth knowledge. These assessments also fail to show students' ability to apply knowledge to real-life situations, which is a central goal of PhenBL and should be the goal of all learning.

Benefits of Performance Assessments

Performance assessments offer a transformative alternative to traditional testing methods. They focus on students' ability to apply knowledge, skills, and strategies to authentic, real-world scenarios. By leveraging performance assessments in phenomenon-based learning, we can:

  1. Measure Deeper Understanding: Performance assessments allow educators to observe how well students comprehend and apply scientific concepts in practical contexts. For instance, students could conduct experiments, analyze data, and draw meaningful conclusions based on their observations.

  2. Promote Critical Thinking: Performance assessments encourage students to think critically and creatively as they tackle complex problems related to the phenomenon. This enhances their ability to make connections, analyze information, and devise innovative solutions.

  3. Teach Collaboration: Many performance assessments involve group projects or problem-solving, which cultivates effective teamwork and communication skills. Collaboration also enables students to share their unique perspectives and learn from each other.

  4. Provide Timely, Constructive Feedback: Many meaningful performance assessments take more than one day to complete allowing opportunities for formative assessment. As teachers check in with various teams, they can provide timely feedback that guides students' progress. Such personalization enables teachers to assess understanding, keeps students on track, drives continuous improvement, and supports students' growth.

  5. Enhance Engagement: Performance assessments take advantage of student interests and provide real-life relevance. Engaging in hands-on investigation and creation builds intrinsic motivation and enthusiasm for learning of content as the PhenBL vehicle connects the world of school with the world outside of it.

Examples of Performance Assessments in Phenomenon-Based Learning

  1. Design and Conduct an Investigation: Students can be tasked with designing and conducting their own investigations related to the phenomenon in question. They can develop hypotheses, plan experiments, gather data, and draw conclusions, showcasing their inquiry and experimental skills and gaining deeper knowledge of the concepts. For example, you could challenge students to design a school-wide survey on a social or psychological topic or to use the web as a resource to design an experiment that demonstrates and helps them explain (and thus learn) a science concept.

  2. Create a Multimedia Presentation: Students can create multimedia presentations such as explainer videos that contain models of phenomena concepts, or infographics that explain and exemplify a phenomenon to a broader audience. The key for teachers is to combine visual and verbal communication skills and challenge students not to read the information they wrote down, but rather convey the complex ideas in a simple way that is effective in both showing what the students learned and teaching the audience about the concepts and mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon studied. Check out my Coral Bleaching Project to get an idea for how to set this up.

  3. Solve Real-Life Problems: Challenge students to apply their understanding of the phenomenon to solve real-world problems. For example, they might devise sustainable solutions for an environmental issue around you school, such as lack of composting or recycling. Or they might propose an engineering design solution for some observed inefficiency. The idea is not to have students change the world in situ, though that’s highly desirable if possible, but to have them practice critical thinking, problem-solving, and design skills in an authentic way while learning content at the same time. For example, they could research and design a safer, or more interesting playground for the elementary school nearby. Their dream playground might not get built but their skills will be.

Learning and Growing through Performance Assessments

Performance assessments can provide a dynamic and effective means of evaluating students' learning in Phenomenon-Based Learning. By focusing on application, critical thinking, and collaboration, these assessments align perfectly with the goals of PhenBL. Embracing performance assessments empowers students to demonstrate the depth of their understanding and equips them with the skills they need to succeed in an ever-changing world. As educators continue to explore the potential of Phenomenon-Based Learning, performance assessments stand out as a valuable ally in nurturing a new generation of engaged, inquisitive, and capable professionals.

If you found this post helpful, sign up for my Teaching Tips, Resources, & Ideas Newsletter to get the next article when it drops. It’s totally free.

BOOKS & TOOLS

Phenomena Poster
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Equity: Bundle of 3 Posters - SAVE 25%
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Back 2 School Classroom Bundle of 8 Posters
sale
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$8.00 $16.00
PhenBL 16-Slide Professional Development Interactive Presentation
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Breaking Down Phenomenon Based Learning and NGSS
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categories / Science
tags / teaching teens, parenting teens, deeper learning, independence, lifelong learning, simplicity, skills, success skills, learning, making life easier, kids

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